Warren Buffett at Berkshire Hathaway’s once-a-year conference in Los Angeles, California. May possibly 1, 2021.
Gerard Miller | CNBC
Warren Buffett just announced his biggest offer considering the fact that 2016.
Berkshire Hathaway mentioned Monday morning it agreed to get coverage company Alleghany for $11.6 billion, or $848.02 for each share, in hard cash. The Omaha, Nebraska-primarily based conglomerate reported the deal “represents a numerous of 1.26 situations Alleghany’s e-book price at December 31, 2021,” as well as a 16{1b90e59fe8a6c14b55fbbae1d9373c165823754d058ebf80beecafc6dee5063a} quality to Alleghany’s common stock rate in the earlier 30 times. The offer is anticipated to shut in the fourth quarter of this yr.
This transaction would mark Berkshire’s greatest acquisition in 6 years when the conglomerate purchased industrial business Precision Castparts for $37 billion, together with financial debt.
Via its subsidiaries, New York-based mostly Alleghany is included in a range of diverse coverage firms, such as wholesale specialty, home and casualty, and reinsurance.
“Berkshire will be the excellent long lasting home for Alleghany, a organization that I have closely observed for 60 yrs,” Buffett, Berkshire’s chairman and CEO, stated in a statement.
Insurance policies is just one of Berkshire’s bread-and-butter businesses as it currently owns Geico automobile insurance policy, Basic Re reinsurance and many others that have been driving progress in current several years.
Alleghany CEO Joseph Brandon — who earlier led Basic Re — hailed the deal as a “great transaction for Alleghany’s house owners, companies, prospects, and workforce,” noting that “the value of this transaction demonstrates the high quality of our franchises and is the item of the hard perform, persistence, and dedication of the Alleghany workforce around a long time.”
Alleghany and its models will function independently after the deal closes.
The offer may surprise some Berkshire shareholders, as Buffett and his proper-hand gentleman — Vice Chairman Charlie Munger — have expressed disappointment in their lookup for a significant acquisition. In his 2022 yearly letter to shareholders, Buffett claimed he and Munger located little that “excites” them in terms of substantial deals.
“All through 85 many years the Kirby loved ones has developed a organization that has quite a few similarities to Berkshire Hathaway,” Buffett mentioned. Jefferson W. Kirby is chair of the Alleghany board of administrators.
Alleghany started out out in 1929 as a keeping business for railroads and inevitably pivoted to coverage, which has parallels to Berkshire’s roots as a textile producing firm far more than a century ago just before it turned a multifaceted conglomerate.
To be sure, $11.6 billion is a compact selection when in contrast with Berkshire’s huge cash hoard of $146.72 billion at the end of 2021.
“This is Berkshire’s premier whole acquisition in a whilst, whilst the total currently being put in ($11.6B) is somewhat little and surely won’t represent the form of ‘elephant deal’ Buffett has regularly talked about,” Adam Crisafulli of Essential Understanding claimed in a take note.
Alleghany is staying encouraged by Goldman Sachs and Willkie Farr & Gallagher by the transaction’s completion.
Monday’s offer will come immediately after Berkshire’s Class A shares hit a report significant past 7 days, closing higher than $500,000 for the very first time.
In a milestone hack of what was one particular of the world’s most important crypto firms, 119,000 bitcoin had been stolen from Hong Kong’s Bitfinex exchange again in 2016. On Tuesday early morning, nearly six yrs afterwards, the Office of Justice arrested a married New York pair, accusing them of laundering the stolen cryptocurrency.
Officers seized more than 94,000 bitcoin from the Ilya Lichtenstein, 34, and his spouse, Heather Morgan, 31. The DOJ explained the bitcoin are valued at $3.6 billion, producing it the major economical seizure in record. The pair are accused of conspiracy to launder, not of in fact committing the hack. It really is a historic day in cryptocurrency, and even for the DOJ.
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But that’s not what’s caught people’s notice.
As momentous as the bust is, Heather Morgan has garnered a substantial total of fascination simply because of her strange on-line earlier. On her LinkedIn profile she describes herself as an economist, entrepreneur and irreverent rapper. Which is led to viral sharing of articles or blog posts she’s published for the likes of Forbes, together with one titled “Industry experts share strategies to guard your business enterprise from cybercriminals”. That article incorporates feedback from BitGo, which supplied safety aid for Bitfinex at the time of the 2016 hack.
Then there are the rap video clips, executed underneath the Razzlekahn alias,whereby she variously calls herself the “Turkish Martha Stewart” and “The Crocodile of Wall Avenue.” Her music Versace Bedoin begins: “This track is for the business owners and hackers, all the misfits and wise slackers.” The videos have been taken down on YouTube, but remain shared on Twitter.
If I have to suffer via this, so do you.
Heather Morgan — the lady arrested on suspicion of laundering crypto connected to the Bitfinex hack — is also an amateur rapper. pic.twitter.com/qAK9WUfZCy
This “rapper” with an alias of RAZZLEKHAN aka Heather Morgan was billed these days in NYC, with getting section of dollars laundering scheme that concerned Billions really worth of Bitcoin.
I believe that she must have already been in jail for existence for whatever this is. pic.twitter.com/CwHVH4kf7y
However the DOJ’s capacity to monitor the allegedly laundered bitcoin is major. Cryptocurrencies like bitcoin and ether are exchanged on decentralized blockchains, which enables people to mail and recieve these tokens with anonymity. That anonymity has attracted a felony aspect, with bitcoin and its ilk usually currently being applied as black current market currency. The DOJ calls Tuesday’s arrests proof that blockchains are not iron defenses towards legislation enforcement.
“We will not allow for cryptocurrency to be a secure haven for revenue laundering or a zone of lawlessness within our monetary program,” Assistant Legal professional Basic Kenneth Polite Jr. explained.
The DOJ mentioned the Bitfinex hacker sent 119,754 bitcoin to Lichtenstein’s electronic wallet above a sequence of 2,000 transactions. Close to 25,000 bitcoin were transferred out of Lichtenstein’s wallet — right now truly worth about $1 billion. Lichtenstein attempted to disguise these stolen tokens, but the DOJ said it was equipped to comply with his transactions on the blockchain. It alleges that some bitcoin wwere utilised to acquire gold and NFTs, when others ended up translated into money that appeared in Lichstentein and Morgan’s lender accounts.
The remaining 94,000 bitcoin are what was seized on Tuesday. Both Lichtenstein and Morgan experience up to 20 decades in prison for conspiracy to commit cash laundering prices, plus 5 yrs for conspiracy to defraud the United States costs.
The 119,756 bitcoin stolen from Bitfinex were truly worth $72 million at the time the hack was built community, according to the New York Occasions. The news was in a position to plunge bitcoin down 20{1b90e59fe8a6c14b55fbbae1d9373c165823754d058ebf80beecafc6dee5063a} to about $560. The cost of bitcoin now stands at $43,400.
Clockwise from the top left: Workers at Colectivo Coffee voted to unionize; Westrock Coffee is renovating an Arkansas factory; Wisconsin’s Helbachs Coffee lost a high-profile court case regarding masks; Demetria raised seed funding; and the new production headquarters for Swiss Water. See images below for complete captions.
Following the pandemic shocks of 2020, this past year saw a fresh wave of investments and acquisitions in the coffee sphere, as companies and investors sought to capitalize on the “new normal.”
The year saw plenty of funding rounds and individual investments for coffee companies focused on tech-based green coffee solutions (Demetria, Farmer Connect), direct-to-consumer product development (Copper Cow, Aeropress, Bruvi, Cometeer, Riff), and even non-traditional brick-and-mortar expansion (Blank Street, Grind).
Meanwhile, numerous coffee companies were acquired by larger entities seeking to maintain the original brand or core product (Second Cup, Eversys, Vermont Coffee Company, Spyhouse Coffee, Campos Coffee, Cropster’s Hub platform.)
As some of those companies breach new markets, several large North American coffee players opted to double-down on their core businesses, making multimillion dollar manufacturing facility investments in the process (Westrock Coffee Company, Swiss Water, Lavazza North America).
2021 also saw some notable stories in terms of legal issues and labor, including the high-profile Hellbachs Coffee case in Wisconsin, additions to the Kona labeling settlement, and groundbreaking unionization efforts at Colectivo and Starbucks stores.
Below is a review of some of the biggest coffee business stories of 2021.
[Editor’s note: This feature is part of our ongoing 2021 year-end coverage. Click here for additional stories, updated daily through Dec. 31. To reach our editors with new equipment news or other company news, click here.]
Two BKON Storm industrial brewers at the company’s production facility outside Philadelphia, in Moorestown, New Jersey. Courtesy photo.
Cold Brew Manufacturer BKON Gets $3 Million from GoodWest Industries
BKON burst onto the specialty coffee scene with the introduction of its negative-pressure-centered BKON Craft Brewer in 2014 before receiving a $2.5 million funding round to develop and produce its industrial cold brew production system called the BKON Storm. The system incorporates BKON’s proprietary “reverse atmospheric infusion” process, called RAIN.
Following Brexit, UK Joins the International Coffee Organization
As the world’s 10th largest coffee importing country, the UK’s immediate accession into the ICO presented some stability in a coffee year that was characterized by widespread price volatility, supply chain disruptions, political instability and a host of other factors affecting the global coffee sector.
Aegis Sells Canadian Coffee Giant Second Cup to Foodtastic for US$11 Million
It is the latest in a long series of ownership changes for the coffee business, which was founded in 1975 and now constitutes Canada’s third largest coffee-focused chain behind Tim Hortons and Starbucks. According to the latest quarterly report from Aegis, there are approximately 231 Second Cup locations throughout Canada, including 200 franchise locations and 31 company-owned-and-operated locations.
Image courtesy of Demetria.
With AI-Powered Green Coffee Analysis, Demetria Closes $3 Million Round
The investment was led by Celeritas, a group of private investors split between Israel and Latin America, and the technology involves the scanning of green coffee with a small handheld device that collects and sends data into the cloud for automatic analysis involving artificial intelligence (AI).
Swiss Coffee Traceability Startup Farmer Connect Secures $9 Million
The investment was led by one of the world’s largest materials trading companies, Japan’s Itochu Corporation, along with private investors in the Americas and Farmer Connect founding partner, the Switzerland-based green coffee trading company Sucafina.
Kona Labeling Class Action Settlements Reach $13.1 Million
Costco, Marshalls/T.J. Maxx parent company TJX and Gold Coffee Roasters have joined the list of defendants reaching settlement agreements with a group representing farmers from Hawaii’s Kona region.
The Eversys factory in Sierre, Switzerland, which was completed in 2020. Eversys photo.
De’Longhi Acquires All of Swiss Espresso Machine Maker Eversys
De’Longhi, based in Trieste, Italy, purchased a 40{1b90e59fe8a6c14b55fbbae1d9373c165823754d058ebf80beecafc6dee5063a} stake in the Eversys Group in 2017, and the new deal involves the acquisition of the remaining 60{1b90e59fe8a6c14b55fbbae1d9373c165823754d058ebf80beecafc6dee5063a}. Del’Longhi said the 100{1b90e59fe8a6c14b55fbbae1d9373c165823754d058ebf80beecafc6dee5063a} value of the acquisition is approximately US$160 million.
Stonewall Kitchen Acquires Longtime Roaster Vermont Coffee Company
Maine-based specialty foods company Stonewall Kitchen has acquired longtime organic coffee roaster Vermont Coffee Company. The coffee company, founded by Paul Ralston in 2000, joins a small portfolio of specialty food brands owned by Stonewall Kitchen, including the Stonewall brand, Village Candle, Tillen Farms (pickled and jarred foods) and Napa Valley Naturals (oils and vinegars).
The new Swiss Water factory in Delta, British Columbia. Image courtesy of Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee Inc.
Swiss Water Opens 82,000-SF Production Center Outside Vancouver
Following long-term growth projections for the decaffeinated coffee market, Canadian green coffee processing and trading company Swiss Water Decaffeinated Coffee has opened a new 82,000-square-foot production facility.
Lavazza Expanding Pennsylvania Factory for More US Roasting
Lavazza North America is expanding its West Chester, Pennsylvania, “Lavazza Professional” facility by about 1,000 square meters (10,763 square feeet) to make way for additional roasting capabilities. While Lavazza Professional caters to the office coffee segment, the new roasting operation is designed to expand the brand’s reach in the U.S. direct-to-consumer market.
With Single-Use Pourovers, Copper Cow Coffee Lands $8.5 Million Round
The $8.5 million infusion — led by food-focused Cultivian Sandbox Ventures and Arborview Capital with at least six other investment firms — follows a COVID-19 pandemic year in which virtually all market research suggests coffee brewing at home has ticked upward. The trend has become particularly apparent in the single-use, convenience-driven home coffee segment.
JDE Peet’s Acquiring Australia’s Campos Coffee as US Operation Folds
Campos Coffee generated revenue of approximately US$38.5 million in 2020, according to the company. Meanwhile, Amsterdam, The Netherlands-based JDE Peet’s says it generated some €6.7 billion (US$8.1 billion) in sales last year, while sourcing approximately 8{1b90e59fe8a6c14b55fbbae1d9373c165823754d058ebf80beecafc6dee5063a} of the world’s green coffee in 2020, according to its most recent annual report.
The popular Ditting KR 804 commercial grinder.
Ditting USA Bids Farewell as Hemro Group Shifts US Operations
A daily grind that lasted more than half a century has come to an end as grinder distributor and service provider Ditting USA has closed up shop while founder Albert Bezjian heads fully into retirement.
Fairwave Holdings CEO Dan Trott declined to provide details on the terms of the transaction, although he told DCN via an email request that Spyhouse will maintain its operations and branding, while now tapping into Fairwave’s existing network for best practices and business growth.
Canadian Firm Tiny Capital Invests in Aeropress Inc.
Manual coffee brewer maker Aeropress Inc. has received an undisclosed investment from Canadian firm Tiny Capital. A spokesperson for Palo Alto, California-based Aeropress (styled by the company as AeroPress) declined to disclose the amount of the investment, although the companies say founder and inventor Alan Adler is retaining a minority ownership stake while continuing to be involved in operations.
A coffee warehouse rack system at a Vollers facility in Hamburg, Germany. Vollers press photo.
Vollers Buying Green Coffee Marketplace Cropster Hub, Launching V-Hub
German logistics service provider Vollers Group is purchasing Cropster Hub, the six-year-old online green coffee marketplace created by coffee roasting and inventory software provider Cropster.
Jimmy Butler’s Big Face Coffee Buys Top Lot at El Salvador Cup of Excellence
From humble beginnings as an unlicensed operation selling $20 any size coffee drinks inside a hotel bubble at Disney World in Orlando, Jimmy Butler’s Big Face Coffee is now smiling upon the specialty coffee world. The fledgling coffee business created by the five-time NBA all-star yesterday shelled out top dollar for two 90+ microlot coffees at the 2021 El Salvador Cup of Excellence (COE) auction.
Olam International Plans IPO for Food Business Unit That Includes Coffee
Olam Coffee and Olam Specialty Coffee both fall under the OFI umbrella, which covers other ingredients coming from the cocoa, dairy, nuts and spices sectors. OFI was created last year as part of a broad re-organizational plan by Olam International.
Daily Coffee News photo by Nick Brown.
Colectivo Coffee Workers Vote to Unionize 106-99
Following a contentious election process, employees of Milwaukee-based Colectivo Coffee have voted to unionize by a count of 106-99. Should negotiated contracts be ratified, Colectivo would become the largest unionized coffee chain in the country, according to International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) Local 494, the union facilitating the effort.
London Coffee Company Grind Raises $30 Million, Plans US Expansion
The company, founded by David Abrahamovitch and Kaz James in Shoreditch, in East London in 2011, said the investment will be used in part to fuel an “ambitious international expansion drive, specifically to the [United States].”
Single-Serve Brewer Maker Bruvi Raises $7 Million More
Los Angeles-based single-serve coffee maker startup Bruvi says it has raised an additional $7 million in funding, bringing the company’s total capital raised to $10.8 million. The company says it will use the money to pay for manufacturing, further software development and advertising as it prepares for pre-orders of the Bruvi brewing system beginning this November, with sales expected in the first quarter of 2022.
New York Coffee Startup Blank Street Lands $25 Million, Plans 100 Small Shops
New York City-based coffee shop startup Blank Street this morning announced a $25 million Series A funding round. The company, which offers small-format stores and mobile carts for quick-service convenience, says it hopes to operate 100 retail locations throughout New York City by the end of 2022.
An unopened Cometeer frozen extract capsule. Daily Coffee News photo by Howard Bryman.
Frozen Coffee Capsule Maker Cometeer Scores $35 Million More
Gloucester, Massachusetts-based coffee technology and manufacturing company Cometeer has closed a $35 million Series B funding round, bringing the company’s running total of raised capital to $100 million.
Cold Brew and Cascara Drink Maker Riff Lands $2.5 Million Seed Round
Bend, Oregon-based coffee drink maker Riff has closed a $2.5 million seed funding round with investments from 35 parties, including 2-time NFL Pro Bowl tight end Vernon Davis and former Anheuser-Busch president Dave Peacock.
The former Helbachs Coffee Roasters + Kitchen in Middleton, Wisconsin. The location is now occupied by Grace Coffee. Daily Coffee News photo.
Federal Judge Dismisses Key Claims in Helbachs Coffee Lawsuit
A United States District Court judge has dismissed key arguments made by Wisconsin-based Helbachs Coffee in its lawsuit against the City of Madison, Dane County and multiple public officials. The coffee company filed the lawsuit after it was cited for repeatedly violating local emergency public health orders last year.
Workers at a Buffalo Starbucks Store Make Historic Vote to Unionize
In a high-profile moment for the labor movement in the post-pandemic United States, workers at a Buffalo, New York, Starbucks store have voted to unionize. Ballot counts from three different Buffalo-area Starbucks locations were completed yesterday by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), with the vote for unionizing at the Elmwood Avenue location being the first of its kind in the history of the Starbucks company.
Kamala Harris Names JDE Peet’s as Part of Private Coalition Investing in Central America
JDE Peet’s is among seven new companies and 10 companies total — including fellow coffee giant Nespresso — that have made concrete pledges to invest in Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. Combined, the companies have committed to investments of more than $1.2 billion in the “Northern Triangle” region.
Westrock Coffee Company press photo.
Westrock Coffee Announces $100+ Million in Facility Expansions
The company’s new facility in Conway was for decades a manufacturing center for feminine hygiene products under the previous owner, Kimberly-Clark. Prior to the factory closing — part of a facilities restructuring by the paper industry giant — the facility held some 350 employees.
Colombia-Based Green Coffee Company Closes US$9.6 Million Funding Round
Medellín, Colombia-based coffee production company The Green Coffee Company has closed a US$9.6 million Series B funding round. The company has also announced plans to purchase 946 hectares of coffee farmland adjacent to its existing farms, which nearly doubles the company’s land holdings.
Daily Coffee News Staff
Tags: 2021 Year In Review, Aeropress, Big Face Coffee, BKON, Blank Street, Bruvi, Campos Coffee, Colectivo Coffee, Cometeer, Copper Cow Coffee, Demetria, Ditting USA, Eversys, Farmer Connect, Green Coffee Company, grind, JDE Peet’s, Lavazza North America, Olam International, Riff, Second Cup, Spyhouse Coffee, Starbucks, Swiss Water Decaffeinated, V-Hub, Vermont Coffee Company, Westrock Coffee Company
The author of bestselling Loaded Dad Very poor Dad predicts that a “giant” marketplace crash coming in Oct has previously been induced and will carry down gold, silver and Bitcoin with it.
Personal finance specialist Robert Kiyosaki warned the crash is coming regardless of irrespective of whether the US credit card debt ceiling is elevated or what measures are imposed by Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen or Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell.
“This is likely to be the greatest crash in planet heritage. We have hardly ever had this a lot personal debt pumped up… the financial debt to GDP ratio is out of sight,” Mr Kiyosaki claimed.
Mr Kiyosaki reported the inventory industry was remaining artificially inflated by the Treasury Office and the Federal Reserve with decisions disconnected from the realities of the current financial state in the United States.
The purpose why Ms Yellen and Mr Powell are “scrambling”, he stated, is they’ve expanded the volume of money when the velocity of revenue is plummeting as no 1 spends and their income lingers in cost savings.
Mr Kiyosaki stated individuals don’t have to go to Harvard College to recognize that “you cannot continue to keep printing bogus money … which is not great”.
“So they pump all this revenue in, costs go up,” he informed Kitco Information on Wednesday. “So it is transitory inflation, but we’re stacked with this huge credit card debt and all it’s performed is bump up the inventory industry and real estate market.”
“The dollars has not gone into the economic climate, which is the unfortunate portion. So the rich get richer, but the weak and middle class are finding poorer. It is tragic what is occurring currently.”
He additional before that the “home of cards” is coming down and that authentic estate would crash with the inventory marketplace, although the affect from China’s Evergrande Team implosion would distribute to the United States.
Evergrande, the second-premier developer in China, is on the brink of individual bankruptcy with far more than $300bn in debt – the most indebted business in the environment.
Mr Kiyosaki is very best regarded for his 1997 book Loaded Dad Poor Dad, which advocated the economic literacy that abundant mother and father taught their kids about funds that the lousy and middle course did not.
When a big sector crash will spell fiscal catastrophe for silly investors, Mr Kiyosaki states the impending market place doom is an chance for sensible buyers.
“I like crashes, so this next crash is heading to be definitely, really superior, but it’ll bring down gold, silver, Bitcoin stocks, but the great news is a crash is a great time to get rich, so which is why I’m optimistic and I’m very optimistic on gold silver and Bitcoin, not on stocks,” he claimed.
“So when it will come down, and it’s likely to convey all the things down with it, which is when I’m likely to be acquiring a lot more gold, silver, and Bitcoin.”
The secret deals and hidden assets of some of the world’s richest and most powerful people have been revealed in the biggest trove of leaked offshore data in history.
Branded the Pandora papers, the cache includes 11.9m files from companies hired by wealthy clients to create offshore structures and trusts in tax havens such as Panama, Dubai, Monaco, Switzerland and the Cayman Islands.
They expose the secret offshore affairs of 35 world leaders, including current and former presidents, prime ministers and heads of state. They also shine a light on the secret finances of more than 300 other public officials such as government ministers, judges, mayors and military generals in more than 90 countries.
The files include disclosures about major donors to the Conservative party, raising difficult questions for Boris Johnson as his party meets for its annual conference.
More than 100 billionaires feature in the leaked data, as well as celebrities, rock stars and business leaders. Many use shell companies to hold luxury items such as property and yachts, as well as incognito bank accounts. There is even art ranging from looted Cambodian antiquities to paintings by Picasso and murals by Banksy.
The Pandora papers reveal the inner workings of what is a shadow financial world, providing a rare window into the hidden operations of a global offshore economy that enables some of the world’s richest people to hide their wealth and in some cases pay little or no tax.
Quick Guide
What are the Pandora papers?
Show
The Pandora papers are the largest trove of leaked data exposing tax haven secrecy in history. They provide a rare window into the hidden world of offshore finance, casting light on the financial secrets of some of the world’s richest people. The files were leaked to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), which shared access with the Guardian, BBC and other media outlets around the world. In total, the trove consists of 11.9m files leaked from a total of 14 offshore service providers, totalling 2.94 terabytes of information. That makes it larger in volume than both the Panama papers (2016) and Paradise papers (2017), two previous offshore leaks.
Where did the Pandora documents from come?
The ICIJ, a Washington DC-based journalism nonprofit, is not identifying the source of the leaked documents. In order to facilitate a global investigation, the ICIJ gave remote access to the documents to journalists in 117 countries, including reporters at the Washington Post, Le Monde, El País, Süddeutsche Zeitung, PBS Frontline and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. In the UK, the investigation has been led by the Guardian and BBC Panorama.
What is an offshore service provider?
The 14 offshore service providers in the leak provide corporate services to individuals or companies seeking to do business offshore. Their clients are typically seeking to discreetly set up companies or trusts in lightly regulated tax havens such as the British Virgin Islands (BVI), Panama, the Cook Islands and the US state of South Dakota. Companies registered offshore can be used to hold assets such as property, aircraft, yachts and investments in stocks and shares. By holding those assets in an offshore company, it is possible to hide from the rest of the world the identity of the person they actually belong to, or the “beneficial owner”.
Why do people move money offshore?
Usually for reasons of tax, secrecy or regulation. Offshore jurisdictions tend to have no income or corporation taxes, which makes them potentially attractive to wealthy individuals and companies who don’t want to pay taxes in their home countries. Although morally questionable, this kind of tax avoidance can be legal. Offshore jurisdictions also tend to be highly secretive and publish little or no information about the companies or trusts incorporated there. This can make them useful to criminals, such as tax evaders or money launderers, who need to hide money from tax or law enforcement authorities. It is also true that people in corrupt or unstable countries may use offshore providers to put their assets beyond the reach of repressive governments or criminal adversaries who may try to seize them, or to seek to circumvent hard currency restrictions. Others may go offshore for reasons of inheritance or estate planning.
Has everyone named in the Pandora papers done something wrong?
No. Moving money offshore is not in or of itself illegal, and there are legitimate reasons why some people do it. Not everyone named in the Pandora papers is suspected of wrongdoing. Those who are may stand accused of a wide range of misbehaviour: from the morally questionable through to the potentially criminal. The Guardian is only publishing stories based on leaked documents after considering the public interest. That is a broad concept that may include furthering transparency by revealing the secret offshore owners of UK property, even where those owners have done nothing wrong. Other articles might illuminate issues of important public debate, raise moral questions, shed light on how the offshore industry operates, or help inform voters about politicians or donors in the interests of democratic accountability.
There are emails, memos, incorporation records, share certificates, compliance reports and complex diagrams showing labyrinthine corporate structures. Often, they allow the true owners of opaque shell companies to be identified for the first time.
The files were leaked to the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington. It shared access to the leaked data with select media partners including the Guardian, BBC Panorama, Le Monde and the Washington Post. More than 600 journalists have sifted through the files as part of a massive global investigation.
The Pandora papers represent the latest – and largest in terms of data volume – in a series of major leaks of financial data that have convulsed the offshore world since 2013.
Setting up or benefiting from offshore entities is not itself illegal, and in some cases people may have legitimate reasons, such as security, for doing so. But the secrecy offered by tax havens has at times proven attractive to tax evaders, fraudsters and money launderers, some of whom are exposed in the files.
Other wealthy individuals and companies stash their assets offshore to avoid paying tax elsewhere, a legal activity estimated to cost governments billions in lost revenues.
After more than 18 months analysing the data in the public interest, the Guardian and other media outlets will publish their findings over the coming days, beginning with revelations about the offshore financial affairs of some of the most powerful political leaders in the world
They include the ruler of Jordan, King Abdullah II, who, leaked documents reveal, has amassed a secret $100m property empire spanning Malibu, Washington and London. The king of Jordan declined to answer specific questions but said there would be nothing improper about him owning properties via offshore companies. Jordan appeared to have blocked the ICIJ website on Sunday, hours before the Pandora papers launched.
The Azerbaijan president, Ilham Aliyev, and his wife, Mehriban Aliyeva. The Aliyev family has traded close to £400m of UK property in recent years. Photograph: Anadolu Agency/Getty Images
The files also show that Azerbaijan’s ruling Aliyev family has traded close to £400m of UK property in recent years. One of their properties was sold to the Queen’s crown estate, which is now looking into how it came to pay £67m to a company that operated as a front for the family that runs a country routinely accused of corruption. The Aliyevs declined to comment.
The Pandora papers also threaten to cause political upsets for two European Union leaders. The prime minister of the Czech republic, Andrej Babiš, who is up for election this week, is facing questions over why he used an offshore investment company to acquire a $22m chateau in the south of France. He too declined to comment.
The Czech prime minister, Andrej Babiš, is facing questions over why he used an offshore investment company to acquire a $22m chateau in the south of France. Photograph: Milan Kammermayer/EPA
And in Cyprus, itself a controversial offshore centre, the president, Nicos Anastasiades, may be asked to explain why a law firm he founded was accused of hiding the assets of a controversial Russian billionaire behind fake company owners. The firm denies any wrongdoing, while the Cypriot president says he ceased having an active role in its affairs after becoming leader of the opposition in 1997.
Not everyone named in the Pandora papers is accused of wrongdoing. The leaked files reveals that Tony and Cherie Blair saved £312,000 in property taxes when they purchased a London building partially owned by the family of a prominent Bahraini minister.
The former prime minister and his wife bought the £6.5m office in Marylebone by acquiring a British Virgin Islands (BVI) offshore company. While the move was not illegal, and there is no evidence the Blairs proactively sought to avoid property taxes, the deal highlights a loophole that has enabled wealthy property owners not to pay a tax that is commonplace for ordinary Britons.
Tony and Cherie Blair bought a £6.5m office in Marylebone by acquiring a British Virgin Islands offshore company. Photograph: WPA Pool/Getty Images
The leaked records vividly illustrate the central coordinating role London plays in the murky offshore world. The UK capital is home to wealth managers, law firms, company formation agents and accountants. All exist to serve their ultra-rich clients. Many are foreign-born tycoons who enjoy “non-domicile” status, which means they pay no tax on their overseas assets.
The Ukrainian president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, is also named in the leak. Photograph: Anadolu Agency/Getty Images
Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelenskiy, who was elected in 2019 on a pledge to clean up his country’s notoriously corrupt and oligarch-influenced economy, is also named in the leak. During the campaign, Zelenskiy transferred his 25{1b90e59fe8a6c14b55fbbae1d9373c165823754d058ebf80beecafc6dee5063a} stake in an offshore company to a close friend who now works as the president’s top adviser, the files suggest. Zelenskiy declined to comment and it is unclear if he remains a beneficiary.
The Russian president, Vladimir Putin, whom the US suspects of having a secret fortune, does not appear in the files by name. But numerous close associates do, including his best friend from childhood – the late Petr Kolbin – whom critics have called a “wallet” for Putin’s own wealth, and a woman the Russian leader was allegedly once romantically involved with. None responded to invitations to comment.
The Pandora papers also place a revealing spotlight on the offshore system itself. In a development likely to prove embarrassing for the US president, Joe Biden, who has pledged tolead efforts internationally to bring transparency to the global financial system, the US emerges from the leak as a leading tax haven. The files suggest the state of South Dakota, in particular, is sheltering billions of dollars in wealth linked to individuals previously accused of serious financial crimes.
The offshore trail also stretches from Africa to Latin America to Asia, and is likely to pose difficult questions for politicians across the world. In Pakistan, Moonis Elahi, a prominent minister in prime minister Imran Khan’s government, contacted an offshore provider in Singapore about investing $33.7m.
Kenya’s president, Uhuru Kenyatta, will come under pressure to explain why he and his close relatives amassed more than $30m of offshore wealth. Photograph: Yasuyoshi Chiba/AFP/Getty Images
In Kenya, the president, Uhuru Kenyatta, has portrayed himself as an enemy of corruption. In 2018, Kenyatta, he told the BBC: “Every public servant’s assets must be declared publicly so that people can question and ask: what is legitimate?”
He will come under pressure to explain why he and his close relatives amassed more than $30m of offshore wealth, including property in London. Kenyatta did not respond to enquiries about whether his family wealth was declared to relevant authorities in Kenya.
The Pandora papers also reveal some of the unseen repercussions of previous offshore leaks, which spurred modest reforms in some parts of the world, such as the BVI, which now keeps a record of the real owners of companies registered there. However, the newly leaked data shows money shifting around offshore destinations, as wealthy clients and their advisers adjust to new realities.
Some clients of Mossack Fonseca, the now defunct law firm at the heart of the 2016 Panama papers disclosures, simply transferred their companies to rival providers such as another global trust and corporate administrator with a major office in London, whose data is in the new trove of leaked files.
Asked why he was migrating the new company, one customer wrote bluntly: “Business decision to exit following the Panama papers.” Another agent said the industry had always “adapted” to external pressure.
Some leaked files appear to show some in the industry seeking to circumvent new privacy regulations. One Swiss lawyer refused to email the names of his high-value customers to a service provider in the BVI, following new legislation. Instead, he sent them by airmail, with strict instructions they should not be processed in any “electronic way”. The identity of another beneficial owner was shared via WhatsApp.
“The purpose of this way to proceed is to enable you to comply with BVI rules,” the lawyer wrote. Referring to Mossack Fonseca, the lawyer added: “You are obliged to keep secrecy for our clients and to not make feasible at all a second ‘Panama papers’ story that happened to one of your competitors.”
Gerard Ryle, the director of the ICIJ, said leading politicians who organised their finances in tax havens had a stake in the status quo, and were likely to be an obstacle to reform of the offshore economy. “When you have world leaders, when you have politicians, when you have public officials, all using the secrecy and all using this world, then I don’t think we’re going to see an end to it.”
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He expected the Pandora papers to have a greater impact than previous leaks, not least because they were arriving in the middle of a pandemic that had exacerbated inequalities and forced governments to borrow unprecedented amounts to be shouldered by ordinary taxpayers. “This is the Panama papers on steroids,” Ryle said. “It’s broader, richer and has more detail.”
At least $11.3tn in wealth is held offshore, according to a 2020 study by the Paris-based Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). “This is money that is being lost to treasuries around the world and money that could be used to recover from Covid,” Ryle said. “We’re losing out because some people are gaining. It’s as simple as that. It’s a very simple transaction that’s going on here.”
Pandora papers reporting team: Simon Goodley, Harry Davies, Luke Harding, Juliette Garside, David Conn, David Pegg, Paul Lewis, Caelainn Barr, Rowena Mason and Pamela Duncan in London; Ben Butler and Anne Davies in Sydney; Dominic Rushe in New York; Andrew Roth in Moscow; Helena Smith in Athens; Michael Safi in Lebanon; Robert Tait in Prague.
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